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TERM 1
LIFE PROCESS
BIOLOGY TERM I
Topic: Life processes
Q1. Define the following terms:
1)
NUTRITION
2)
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
3)
PERISTALSIS
4)
EXCRETION
5)
OSMOREGULATION
6)
HOLOZOIC NUTRITION
Ans.
1) 1 Nutrition-It is the mode of taking food
by an organism and its utilization by
the body.
2)Photosynthesis-It is the process by which
green plants can prepare their own
food in the presence of
sunlight,carbondioxide,water,minerals and chlorophyll.
3)peristalsis:-it is a wave of contraction
and expansion that takes place in the
Alimentary canal. It pushes the food forward.
4)excretion:-the process of elimination of
metabolic waste from the body.
5) osmoregulation :-regulating the amount of
water and salts in the body.
6)holozoic nutrition:-it is the mode of
heterotrophic nutrition that involves
The intake of solid food.
Q2.Distinguish between:
1) breathing and respiration
Breathing
It’s a physical process
It consumes energy
Its taking in fresh air and giving out foul
air
Respiration
It’s a biochemical process
It releases energy
It’s the oxidation of respiratory substrate
2) parasite and saprophyte
Parasite
Obtains nutrition from a living organism
called host
Possess sucking organs
Saprophyte
Obtains nutrition from organic remains
They are absent
3) aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration
It requires oxygen
Releases 38 ATP molecules
Food is completely broken down
Anaerobic respiration
It doesn’t require oxygen
Releases only 2 ATP molecules
Food is incompletely broken down
4) inhalation and exhalation
Inhalation
Taking in fresh air
Diaphragm becomes flat
Air pressure decreases in the lungs
Exhalation
Giving out foul air
Diaphragm becomes dome shaped
Air pressure increases in the lungs
5) ingestion and egestion
Ingestion
It’s the process of taking in food
Involves catching,holding and putting food
Egestion
It’s the process of throwing out faecal
matter out of the body
Involves piling up of faecal matter and its
‘in the body elimination thru anus.
6) plant and animal respiration
Plant respiration
Rate of respiration is slow
Breathing is absent
Respiratory surface absent
Animal respiration
Rate of respiration is fast
Present
Respiratory surface present
Q3. How do plants get rid of their waste
products?
Ans. Plants get rid of their waste products
by:
1) waste products are stored in old leaves
that soon fall off.
2) Bark consists of dead cells which is
peeled off periodically.
3) Some waste substances are excreted by
roots.
4) Resins, gums , tannins etc are stored in
old xylem.
Q4. How does amoeba dispose off its waste
products?
Ans. amoeba lacks excretory organs. Waste
products like ammonia and CO2 are passed
outside through the process of diffusion.
Contractile vacuole also plays an important role in
the process of excretion.
Q5. Describe the mechanism of urine formation
in humans.
Ans. its completed in 4 steps:
a) glomerular filtration: blood flows under
pressure inside the glomerulus . as a result, it
undergoes ultrafiltration. Urea, uric acid,
amino acids, hormones, glucose, ions and
water are filtered out and enter the Bowmans
capsule.
b) Reabsorption:the filtrate passes thru
proximal convoluted tubule. The capillaries
absorb all the useful components like:
glucose, amino acids, ions etc.
c) Tubular secretion: it occurs in distal
convoluted tubule. It is the active secretion of
waste by the blood capillaries into the
urinary tubule. It ensures the removal of all the
waste from the blood.
d) Concentration of urine: 75% of water is
reabsorbed in proximal convoluted
tubule.some 10% of water reabsorbed in henles
loop.
e) Ureters : these are the narrow muscular
tubesthat carry urine from kidneys to urinary
bladder.
f) Urinary bladder: it is a pear shaped sac
that stores urine.
g) Utrethra: it is a tube that takes urine
from bladder to outside.
Q6. Why is trachea lined with the rings of
cartilage?
Ans. Trachea is lined with the rings of
cartilage to prevent it from collapsing.
Q7. Identify the respiratory organ in :
a)leech b) cockroach c) crab
d)mussel e)tadpole
Ans. a)
skin b) trachea/ spiracles c) gills d) gills
e) gills
Q8. How do plants exchange gases?
Ans. Plants exchange gases by the process of
diffusion. Stomata help in the exchange of
gases. CO2 gas is taken in and O2 is released
by the process of photosynthesis.
Q9. What is the role of HCL in the stomach.
Ans. it has two roles:
1) kills the microbes that enter along with
food.
2) Creates an acidic medium for pepsin
functioning.
Q10. Name the raw materials of photosynthesis
.
Ans. 4 requirements of photosynthesis are-
1 carbondioxide –is taken through stomata.
2 water and minerals- are transported to the
leaves by the vessels.
3 chlorophyll-is present in the leaves of the
plants.
4 sunlight-is absorbed by the chlorophyll
present in the leaves.
Q11. Identify the specific mode of nutrition
in :
a) cuscuta
Ans. a) parasitic
b) ascaris
b) parasitic
c) mushroom
c) saprophytic
d) deer
d) holozoic
e) humans
e) holozoic
Q12. What is fermentation? What is its use?
Ans. fermentation is the kind of anaerobic
respiration carried out by a unicellular organism
called yeast. Yeast converts a sugar solution
into alcohol and also releases CO2
Gas during this process. Its used in bakery
and brewery industries.
Q13. Mention the raw materials needed for
photosynthesis.
Ans. 4 requirements of photosynthesis are-
1 carbondioxide –is taken through stomatas
2 water and minerals- are transported to the
leaves by the vessels.
3 chlorophyll-is present in the leaves of the
plants.
4 sunlight-is absorbed by the chlorophyll
present in the leaves.
Q14. Draw a well labeled diagram of human
respiratory system.
Ans. 
Q15. Draw a well labeled diagram of human excretory
system.
Ans.
Q16. Draw a well labeled
diagram of cross section of a leaf.
Q17. Draw a dig. Of stomata and write its 2 functions
Ans. functions:
a) exchange
of gases
b) loss of extra water by transpiration
Q18. Draw a well labeled
diagram of human digestive system
Ans. DO IT
YOUR SELF
Q19. Name the 5 steps of
holozoic nutrition
Ans. 1) ingestion:-- the
process of intake of food.
3) digestion:-- changing
complex food substances to simple form by the action of enzymes.
4) Absorption:-- digested
food is absorbed in blood.
5) Assilmilation:-- the
absorbed food components are converted into components of cytoplasm.
6) Egestion :-throwing out
of waste.
Q20. Name the secretions
and their role in digestion for the following glands::
Ans.
Gland Secretion Function
Salivary( mouth) Saliva( salivary
amylase) Digests carbohydrate(
starch)
Gastric( stomach) Mucus, HCL, Pepsin Mucus has protective function
HCL
kills the microbes
Pepsin digests proteins
. Pancreas(abdomen) Pancreatic juice Trypsin digests proteins
Amylase digests carbohydrate
Lipase digests lipids and fats
Liver( abdomen) Bile Emulsification of
fats
Q21 . why do aquatic
organisms show a higher breathing rate?
Ans. this is bcos, water
has low O2 content than the content of O2 in air.
Q22. why do we feel muscle
cramps after heavy exercise?
Ans. this is bcos our cells
and tissues become O2 deficient and start undergoing anaerobic
respiration. This produces
lactic acid and we feel muscle cramps.
Q23. Why is it advised to
breathe thru nose?
Ans. The mucus and hair
present in the nasal cavity help to filter the inhaled air.
Q24.What is a diaphragm?
Ans. it’s a muscular
partition between thorax and abdomen,it can bcum flat or dome shaped due to
contraction and relaxation
of muscles.
Q25. What is the other name
of larynx?
Ans. it is also called adam’s apple.
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