PEOPLE AS A RESOURCE
QUESTIONS IN THE EXERCISE
Q.1. What do you understand by 'people as a resource’?
Ans. People as a resource are a way of referring to the country’s working population in terms of their
existing productive skills and abilities.
Q.2. How is human resource different from other resources like land and physical capital?
Ans. Human resource is different from other resources like land and physical capital. Human
resource refers to human capital which can make use of land and capital. Land and capital
cannot become useful on their own. Population becomes a human resource when there is investment made in form of education, training and medical care. On the other hand, land is a natural resource. And physical capital includes tools, machines, buildings, raw materials, etc. Land and physical capital, therefore, are tangible.
Q.3. what is the role of education in human capital formation?
Ans. Education is the most important component of human resource development. The role of
education in human capital formation can be judged from the following facts:
(i) Education increases labour productivity.
(ii) Education modifies /improves human behaviour.
(iii) It develops personality and sense of national consciousness among the people which are
important for rapid economic growth.
(iv) It promotes science and technology.
Ans. Education is the most important component of human resource development. The role of
education in human capital formation can be judged from the following facts:
(i) Education increases labour productivity.
(ii) Education modifies /improves human behaviour.
(iii) It develops personality and sense of national consciousness among the people which are
important for rapid economic growth.
(iv) It promotes science and technology.
Q.4. What is the role of health in human capital formation?
Ans. Role of Health in Human Capital Formation.
Unhealthy persons become a liability and healthy persons prove an asset for the economy.
Therefore, improvement in the health status of the population is regarded very essential.
Improved health contributes to economic growth in the following ways :
(i) It reduces production loss caused by worker’s illness.
(ii) It increases the efficiency of workers.
(iii) It permits the use of natural and other resources.
(iv) It increases the enrolment of children in schools and makes them better able to learn.
Ans. Role of Health in Human Capital Formation.
Unhealthy persons become a liability and healthy persons prove an asset for the economy.
Therefore, improvement in the health status of the population is regarded very essential.
Improved health contributes to economic growth in the following ways :
(i) It reduces production loss caused by worker’s illness.
(ii) It increases the efficiency of workers.
(iii) It permits the use of natural and other resources.
(iv) It increases the enrolment of children in schools and makes them better able to learn.
Q.5. What part does health play in an individual’s working life?
Ans. Role of health in an individual’s working life.
Health is a yardstick of one’s well-being. Efficiency of a person largely depends on his health.
If a person falls sick quite often, he will not be able to do his job/work efficiently. Therefore,
his income will be low. Because of low level of income, he will not be able to get proper food
and proper education for his children. This will further reduce his efficiency of work and
thereby income. In fact, good health improves the quality of life.
Ans. Role of health in an individual’s working life.
Health is a yardstick of one’s well-being. Efficiency of a person largely depends on his health.
If a person falls sick quite often, he will not be able to do his job/work efficiently. Therefore,
his income will be low. Because of low level of income, he will not be able to get proper food
and proper education for his children. This will further reduce his efficiency of work and
thereby income. In fact, good health improves the quality of life.
Q.6. What are the various activities undertaken in the primary sector,
secondary sector and
tertiary sector?
Ans. Classification of Economic Activities. The economic activities of an economy can broadly be classified into three main producing sectors. These are :
Primary sector. Primary sector produces goods by exploiting natural resources. Therefore, the
activities of this sector include agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry and
mining.
Secondary sector. It converts raw materials into finished goods. It includes all manufacturing
and construction activities.
Tertiary sector. This sector includes trade, transport, communication, banking, education,
health, tourism, insurance etc. i.e. all those producing services.
tertiary sector?
Ans. Classification of Economic Activities. The economic activities of an economy can broadly be classified into three main producing sectors. These are :
Primary sector. Primary sector produces goods by exploiting natural resources. Therefore, the
activities of this sector include agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry and
mining.
Secondary sector. It converts raw materials into finished goods. It includes all manufacturing
and construction activities.
Tertiary sector. This sector includes trade, transport, communication, banking, education,
health, tourism, insurance etc. i.e. all those producing services.
Q.7. What is the difference between economic activities and non-economic
activities?
Ans. Difference between Economic and Non-Economic Activities.
Economic Activities
1. Economic activities bring income
to their performers.
2. Income accruing from economic
activities is included in the country’s
national income.
Non-Economic Activities
Ans. Difference between Economic and Non-Economic Activities.
Economic Activities
1. Economic activities bring income
to their performers.
2. Income accruing from economic
activities is included in the country’s
national income.
Non-Economic Activities
1. Non-economic activities do not bring
income to their performers.
income to their performers.
2. These activities are not accounted in the
national income.
national income.
Q.8. Why are women employed in low-paid work?
Ans. Women in India are generally employed in low-paid work. This is because of the reason that
most women have meagre education and low skill formation as compared to men. They work
under insecure working conditions. Besides, Indian women prefer to work at nearby places
only. Also, they have to go on frequent maternity leave. All these factors force them to work
at low wages. However, women with higher education and skill formation are paid at par with
Ans. Women in India are generally employed in low-paid work. This is because of the reason that
most women have meagre education and low skill formation as compared to men. They work
under insecure working conditions. Besides, Indian women prefer to work at nearby places
only. Also, they have to go on frequent maternity leave. All these factors force them to work
at low wages. However, women with higher education and skill formation are paid at par with
Q.9. How will you explain the term unemployment?
Ans. Unemployment is said to exist when people who are willing to work at the current prevailing
wages cannot find work/job. If someone is not interested in doing work at the ongoing wage
rate or outside his/her domestic domain he/she will not be counted as unemployed.
Ans. Unemployment is said to exist when people who are willing to work at the current prevailing
wages cannot find work/job. If someone is not interested in doing work at the ongoing wage
rate or outside his/her domestic domain he/she will not be counted as unemployed.
Q.10. What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal
unemployment?
Ans. Disguised Unemployment-When more persons are working in a job than actually required, the situation is termed as disguised unemployment. For example, if in an agricultural activity eight people are engaged but this work/activity actually requires the services of five people, then three persons are extra. If these three people out of eight are withdrawn, total production will remain unaffected.
Ans. Disguised Unemployment-When more persons are working in a job than actually required, the situation is termed as disguised unemployment. For example, if in an agricultural activity eight people are engaged but this work/activity actually requires the services of five people, then three persons are extra. If these three people out of eight are withdrawn, total production will remain unaffected.
Seasonal Unemployment. -Seasonal unemployment occurs when people are able to find jobs only during some months of the year. This kind of unemployment is generally found in the agricultural sector.
Q.11. Why is educated unemployment a peculiar problem of India?
Ans. Problem of Educated unemployment. The joblessness among the educated, i.e. matriculates
and above, is called educated unemployment. Unemployment problem signifies the wastage of
human resources. If unemployment is high among the educated persons the quantum of
wastage of resources will be greater. This is due to investments in education and skill formation. There is a feeling of hopelessness among the educated youth. India has to spend a
lot of money on education every year. People who should have been assets for the economy
have turned into a liability. In this way educated unemployment is one of the big problems for
India.
Ans. Problem of Educated unemployment. The joblessness among the educated, i.e. matriculates
and above, is called educated unemployment. Unemployment problem signifies the wastage of
human resources. If unemployment is high among the educated persons the quantum of
wastage of resources will be greater. This is due to investments in education and skill formation. There is a feeling of hopelessness among the educated youth. India has to spend a
lot of money on education every year. People who should have been assets for the economy
have turned into a liability. In this way educated unemployment is one of the big problems for
India.
Q.12. In which field do you think India can build the maximum employment
opportunity?
Ans. India can build the maximum employment opportunity in the agricultural sector. Agriculture
is the most labour absorbing sector of the economy. Multiple cropping may help a lot in this
regard.
Ans. India can build the maximum employment opportunity in the agricultural sector. Agriculture
is the most labour absorbing sector of the economy. Multiple cropping may help a lot in this
regard.
Q.13. Can you suggest some measures in the education system to mitigate the
problem of the
educated unemployed?
Ans. Measures to Reduce Educated Unemployment. The education system in India is not
employment oriented. There is too much emphasis on general education rather than vocational
education. More employment exchange offices may be opened in the country. Though these
employment exchanges do not directly provide employment, they are of great assistance in
directing the educated job seekers to the possible areas of employment.
educated unemployed?
Ans. Measures to Reduce Educated Unemployment. The education system in India is not
employment oriented. There is too much emphasis on general education rather than vocational
education. More employment exchange offices may be opened in the country. Though these
employment exchanges do not directly provide employment, they are of great assistance in
directing the educated job seekers to the possible areas of employment.
Q.14. Can you imagine some village which initially had no job opportunity but
later came up
with many?
Ans. There was a village inhabited by several families, initially the village was self-reliant in the
sense that each family produced all goods to meet the needs of its members. But later, it came
up with many job opportunities. One of the families decided to send one of its sons to an
agriculture college. After completing his education, he became an agro-engineer in the village.
Inspired by this, all the families of the village requested the panchayat to open a school in the
village. The panchayat opened a school with the help of the government and a teacher was
recruited for the school. After some time, one of the families sent its daughter for training in
tailoring. After getting necessary training, she started stitching clothes for the villagers. Thus,
that of a tailor in the village. In this way, many jobs were created in the village.
with many?
Ans. There was a village inhabited by several families, initially the village was self-reliant in the
sense that each family produced all goods to meet the needs of its members. But later, it came
up with many job opportunities. One of the families decided to send one of its sons to an
agriculture college. After completing his education, he became an agro-engineer in the village.
Inspired by this, all the families of the village requested the panchayat to open a school in the
village. The panchayat opened a school with the help of the government and a teacher was
recruited for the school. After some time, one of the families sent its daughter for training in
tailoring. After getting necessary training, she started stitching clothes for the villagers. Thus,
that of a tailor in the village. In this way, many jobs were created in the village.
prepared by Rabi sir Success Point Boudh-9437335465, 9124187885, 9853416563, 8658640143
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