Print Culture and Modern World
Important Concepts of the Lesson - 1. The classical literature and the
knowledge in all the spheres of
life was stimulated by
printing press.
- The earliest printing techniques were developed in
- The Chinese thought of carving raised characters on a block of wood, wetting them with ink and pressing a sheet of paper against them until the characters were printed on the papers
- The modern printing presses were established in
- The invention of printing press and the production of cheap paper made the production cost.
- Printing has provided a wonderful means of promoting trade it is an act of spreading information about anything with a commercial object.
- Penny Magazine – The magazines were meant especially for women, as manuals were for teaching behavior and house keeping.
- Vellum—A parchment made from the Skim of animals.
- Ballad—A historical account of folk tale in verse usually sung or recited.
- The press is a very powerful weapon for mouldery and directed public opinion.
Multiple Choice Questions
Q.1: - What is calligraphy?
(a) Poetry (b) Textbooks
(c) Flowers arrangement (d) Stylized
Q.2.: - What was Gutenberg’s first printed book?
(a) Ballads (b) Dictionary
(c) Bible (d) None of these
Q.3: -What were ‘Penny Chapbooks’?
(a) Pocket – sized books (b) Journals
(c) Ritual Calendars (d) Newspaper
Q.4: - Who introduced the printing press in India-
(a) French (b) Italian
(c) Portuguese (d) None of these
Q.5: - Who wrote ‘My childhood My university’.
(a) Thomas wood (b) Maxim Gorky
(c) George Eliot (d) Jane
Austen
Q.6: - When was the Vernacular press act passed?
(a) 1878 (b) 1887 (c) 1867 (d) 1898
Q.7: - Who said, “Printing is the ultimate gift of god and the greatest
one.”
(a) Charles Dickens (b) J.
V. Schely
(c) Mahatma Gandhi (d) Martin
Luther
Q.8: - Which is the oldest printed book of Japan
(a) Bible (b) Diamond Sutra
(c) Mahabharta (d) Ukiyo
Q.9: - Who wrote 95 theses?
(a) Martin Luther (b) Johann Gutenbery
(c) J. V. Schley (d) Charles
Dickens
Q.10:- Who authored ‘Gitagovinda’?
(a) Jayadeva (b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(c) J. A. Hickey (d) Chandu
Menon
Q.11:- Who wrote ‘Amar Jibon’?
(a) Rockay Hossein (b) Rashsundari
Devi
(c) Tara Bai Shinde (d) Kailashashini
Debi
Q.12:-Which of the following travelers brought back the art of wood
block painting to Italy
(a) Paes (b) Marco Polo
(c) Magellon (d) Dominigos
Q.13: - Printing Press first come to India
(a) The Dutch (b) Portuguese
missionaries
(c) The French (d) The
English
Q.14: - Name the paper started by Bal Gangashar Tilak
(a) The Kesari (b) The
Young India
(c) The Statesman (d) Amrita Bazar Patrika
Q.15: - The Book gulamgiri dealt with—
(a) Restriction on vernacular press (b) 911
Treatment of widows
(c) Injustices of caste system (d) None of these
Answer Key of Multiple Choice
Questions
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4.
(c)
5. (b) 6. (a) 7. (d)
8. (b) 9.(a) 10.(a) 11.(b
) 12.(d
) 13.(b) 14.
(a)
15.(c)
Short Answers
Q.1: - Explain any three features of handwritten manuscripts before the
age of print in India
Ans.:- 1. They were copied on palm leaves or on handmade papers.
2. Pages were
beautifully illustrated.
3.
They were pressed between wooden covers or sewn together to ensure
preservation.
4. Manuscripts
were available in vernacular languages.
5. Highly
expensive & fragile.
6. They could
not be read easily as script was written in different styles.
7. They were not
widely used in everyday life.
Any other relevant point.
Q.2: - Why did the woodblock method become popular in Europe ?
Ans.:- 1. Production of
handwritten manuscripts could not meet the ever increasing demand for books.
2. Copying was
an expensive, labourious and time consuming business.
3. The manuscripts were fragile,
awkward to handle and could not be carried around or read easily.
4. By the early 15th
century, woodblocks started being widely used in Europe
to print textiles, playing
cards and religious pictures with simple, brief texts.
Q.3: - What was the role of new ‘visual image’ culture in printing in India
Ans.:- 1. In
the end of 19th century a new
visual culture had started.
2. With
the increasing number of printing presses visual images could be easily
reproduced in
multiple copies.
3.
Painters like ‘Raja Ravi Verma’ produced images for mass circulation.
1. Cheap
prints and calendars were brought even by the poor to decorate the walls of
their houses.
Q.4: - “Print popularized the ideas of the idea of the enlightenment
thinkers.” Explain.
Ans.:- 1.
Collectively the writings of thinkers provided a critical commentary on
tradition, superstition and despotism.
2. Scholars and thinkers argued for
the rule of reason rather than custom and demanded that
everything to be judged through the application of reason and
rationality.
3. They attacked the sacred
authority of the church and the despotic power of the state thus eroding
the legitimacy of a social order based on tradition.
4. The writing of Voltaire and
Rousseau were read widely and those who read these books saw the
world through new eyes, eyes that were questioning critical and
rational.
Q.5: - Why is china called the major producer of printed material.
Ans.:- 1. The imperial state in china was, for a very
long time, the major producer of printed material.
2. China possessed a huge bureaucratic
system which recruited its personnel through the civil service
examination.
3. Textbooks for this examination were
printed in vast numbers, under the sponsorship of the imperial
state. From the 16th century, the number of candidates went
up and the increased the volume of
print.
Long Answer type Questions
Q.1: - How print revolution led to the development of reading mania in Europe .
Ans.:-As literacy and schools
spread in European countries there was a virtual reading mania.
1. A new forms
of popular literature appeared to target new readers
2. There were
ritual calendars along with ballads and folk tales.
3. In England
penny chapbooks were carried by petty peddlers known as chapmen and sold for a
penny, So that even poor could buy them.
4. In France
these law priced books were called Biliotheque Bleue as they were bound in
cheap blue
covers.
5. There were romances, histories,
books of various sixes, serving developed to combine information
on current affairs with entertainment.
6. Periodical pressed developed to
combine information on current affairs with entertainment.
7. The idea of scientists and scholars
had now become more accessible to the common people.
Q.2: - How did oral culture enter print and how was the printed
material transmitted orally. Explain
Ans.:- Oral culture entered print
into the following ways –
1.
Printers published popular ballads and folktales.
2.
Books were profusely illustrated with pictures. Printed material was
transmitted orally in the
following ways.
1. These were sung at
gathering in villages, taverns and in towns.
2. They were recited
in public gathering.
Q.3: - Explain the impact of print on Indian women.
Ans.:- 1. Writers started writing about the lives
and features of women and this increased the number of
women readers.
2. Women writers
write their own autobiography. They highlighted the condition of women, their
ignorance and how they forced to do hard
domestic labour.
3. A large
section of Hindu writing was devoted to the education of women.
4. In the early
20th century the journals written by women become very popular in
which women’s
education, widowhood, widow remarriage
were discussed.
5. Many writers published how to teach
women to be obedient wives.
Q.4: - By the end of the 19th century a new visual cultural was taking
shapes. Write any three features
of this new visual
culture.
Ans.:- 1. Visual images could be easily reproduced
in multiple copies.
2.
Printers produced images for mass circulation cheap prints and calendars could
be brought even by
the poor.
3.
By the 1870’s caricatures and cartoons were being published in journals and
news papers.
4.
Mass production of cost and visual images reduced the cost of production. So
cheap prints and
calendars were available in the
market even for the poor to decorate the walls of their homes.
Q.5: - ‘Many Historians have
argued that print culture created the conditions within which the French
Revolution occurred.’ Explain.
Ans.:- 1. The print popularized the ideas of the
enlightened thinkers who attacked
the authority of the church and the
despotic power of the state.
2. The print
created a new culture of dialogue and debate and the public
become aware of reasoning. They recognized
the need to question the
existing ideas and beliefs.
3. The
literature of 1780’s mocked the royalty and criticized their morality
and the existing social order. This literature led to the growth of
hostile
sentiments against.
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